Crow/include/http_connection.h

#pragma once
#include <boost/asio.hpp>
#include <boost/algorithm/string/predicate.hpp>
#include <boost/lexical_cast.hpp>
#include <boost/array.hpp>
#include <atomic>
#include <chrono>

#include "http_parser_merged.h"

#include "datetime.h"
#include "parser.h"
#include "http_response.h"
#include "logging.h"
#include "settings.h"
#include "dumb_timer_queue.h"
#include "middleware_context.h"

namespace crow
{
    namespace detail
    {
        template <typename MW, typename Context, typename ParentContext>
        void before_handler_call(MW& mw, request& req, response& res, Context& ctx, ParentContext& parent_ctx, 
            decltype(std::declval<MW>().before_handle(std::declval<request&>(), std::declval<response&>(), std::declval<typename MW::context&>()))* dummy = 0)
        {
            mw.before_handle(req, res, ctx.template get<MW>());
        }

        template <typename MW, typename Context, typename ParentContext>
        void before_handler_call(MW& mw, request& req, response& res, Context& ctx, ParentContext& parent_ctx,
            decltype(std::declval<MW>().before_handle(std::declval<request&>(), std::declval<response&>(), std::declval<typename MW::context&>(), std::declval<Context&>))* dummy = 0)
        {
            mw.before_handle(req, res, ctx.template get<MW>(), parent_ctx);
        }

        template <typename MW, typename Context, typename ParentContext>
        void after_handler_call(MW& mw, request& req, response& res, Context& ctx, ParentContext& parent_ctx, 
            decltype(std::declval<MW>().before_handle(std::declval<request&>(), std::declval<response&>(), std::declval<typename MW::context&>()))* dummy = 0)
        {
            mw.after_handle(req, res, ctx.template get<MW>());
        }

        template <typename MW, typename Context, typename ParentContext>
        void after_handler_call(MW& mw, request& req, response& res, Context& ctx, ParentContext& parent_ctx, 
            decltype(std::declval<MW>().before_handle(std::declval<request&>(), std::declval<response&>(), std::declval<typename MW::context&>(), std::declval<Context&>))* dummy = 0)
        {
            mw.after_handle(req, res, ctx.template get<MW>(), parent_ctx);
        }

        template <int N, typename Context, typename Container, typename CurrentMW, typename ... Middlewares>
        bool middleware_call_helper(Container& middlewares, request& req, response& res, Context& ctx)
        {
            using parent_context_t = typename Context::template partial<N-1>;
            before_handler_call<CurrentMW, Context, parent_context_t>(std::get<N>(middlewares), req, res, ctx, static_cast<parent_context_t&>(ctx));

            if (res.is_completed())
            {
                after_handler_call<CurrentMW, Context, parent_context_t>(std::get<N>(middlewares), req, res, ctx, static_cast<parent_context_t&>(ctx));
                return true;
            }

            if (middleware_call_helper<N+1, Context, Container, Middlewares...>(middlewares, req, res, ctx))
            {
                after_handler_call<CurrentMW, Context, parent_context_t>(std::get<N>(middlewares), req, res, ctx, static_cast<parent_context_t&>(ctx));
                return true;
            }

            return false;
        }

        template <int N, typename Context, typename Container>
        bool middleware_call_helper(Container& middlewares, request& req, response& res, Context& ctx)
        {
            return false;
        }

        template <int N, typename Context, typename Container>
        typename std::enable_if<(N<0)>::type 
        after_handlers_call_helper(Container& middlewares, Context& context, request& req, response& res)
        {
        }

        template <int N, typename Context, typename Container>
        typename std::enable_if<(N==0)>::type after_handlers_call_helper(Container& middlewares, Context& ctx, request& req, response& res)
        {
            using parent_context_t = typename Context::template partial<N-1>;
            using CurrentMW = typename std::tuple_element<N, typename std::remove_reference<Container>::type>::type;
            after_handler_call<CurrentMW, Context, parent_context_t>(std::get<N>(middlewares), req, res, ctx, static_cast<parent_context_t&>(ctx));
        }

        template <int N, typename Context, typename Container>
        typename std::enable_if<(N>0)>::type after_handlers_call_helper(Container& middlewares, Context& ctx, request& req, response& res)
        {
            using parent_context_t = typename Context::template partial<N-1>;
            using CurrentMW = typename std::tuple_element<N, typename std::remove_reference<Container>::type>::type;
            after_handler_call<CurrentMW, Context, parent_context_t>(std::get<N>(middlewares), req, res, ctx, static_cast<parent_context_t&>(ctx));
            after_handlers_call_helper<N-1, Context, Container>(middlewares, ctx, req, res);
        }
    }

    using namespace boost;
    using tcp = asio::ip::tcp;
#ifdef CROW_ENABLE_DEBUG
    static int connectionCount;
#endif
    template <typename Handler, typename ... Middlewares>
    class Connection
    {
    public:
        Connection(
            boost::asio::io_service& io_service, 
            Handler* handler, 
            const std::string& server_name,
            std::tuple<Middlewares...>& middlewares
            ) 
            : socket_(io_service), 
            handler_(handler), 
            parser_(this), 
            server_name_(server_name),
            middlewares_(middlewares)
        {
#ifdef CROW_ENABLE_DEBUG
            connectionCount ++;
            CROW_LOG_DEBUG << "Connection open, total " << connectionCount << ", " << this;
#endif
        }
        
        ~Connection()
        {
            res.complete_request_handler_ = nullptr;
            cancel_deadline_timer();
#ifdef CROW_ENABLE_DEBUG
            connectionCount --;
            CROW_LOG_DEBUG << "Connection closed, total " << connectionCount << ", " << this;
#endif
        }

        tcp::socket& socket()
        {
            return socket_;
        }

        void start()
        {
            //auto self = this->shared_from_this();
            start_deadline();

            do_read();
        }

        void handle_header()
        {
            // HTTP 1.1 Expect: 100-continue
            if (parser_.check_version(1, 1) && parser_.headers.count("expect") && get_header_value(parser_.headers, "expect") == "100-continue")
            {
                buffers_.clear();
                static std::string expect_100_continue = "HTTP/1.1 100 Continue\r\n\r\n";
                buffers_.emplace_back(expect_100_continue.data(), expect_100_continue.size());
                do_write();
            }
        }

        void handle()
        {
            cancel_deadline_timer();
            bool is_invalid_request = false;

            req_ = std::move(parser_.to_request());
            request& req = req_;
            if (parser_.check_version(1, 0))
            {
                // HTTP/1.0
                if (!(req.headers.count("connection") && boost::iequals(req.get_header_value("connection"),"Keep-Alive")))
                    close_connection_ = true;
            }
            else if (parser_.check_version(1, 1))
            {
                // HTTP/1.1
                if (req.headers.count("connection") && req.get_header_value("connection") == "close")
                    close_connection_ = true;
                if (!req.headers.count("host"))
                {
                    is_invalid_request = true;
                    res = response(400);
                }
            }

            CROW_LOG_INFO << "Request: " << boost::lexical_cast<std::string>(socket_.remote_endpoint()) << " " << this << " HTTP/" << parser_.http_major << "." << parser_.http_minor << ' '
             << method_name(req.method) << " " << req.url;


            need_to_call_after_handlers_ = false;
            if (!is_invalid_request)
            {
                res.complete_request_handler_ = []{};
                res.is_alive_helper_ = [this]()->bool{ return socket_.is_open(); };

                ctx_ = detail::context<Middlewares...>();
                req.middleware_context = (void*)&ctx_;
                detail::middleware_call_helper<0, decltype(ctx_), decltype(middlewares_), Middlewares...>(middlewares_, req, res, ctx_);

                if (!res.completed_)
                {
                    res.complete_request_handler_ = [this]{ this->complete_request(); };
                    need_to_call_after_handlers_ = true;
                    handler_->handle(req, res);
                }
                else
                {
                    complete_request();
                }
            }
			else
			{
				complete_request();
			}
        }

        void complete_request()
        {
            CROW_LOG_INFO << "Response: " << this << ' ' << req_.url << ' ' << res.code << ' ' << close_connection_;

            if (need_to_call_after_handlers_)
            {
                need_to_call_after_handlers_ = false;

                // call all after_handler of middlewares
                detail::after_handlers_call_helper<
                    ((int)sizeof...(Middlewares)-1),
                    decltype(ctx_),
                    decltype(middlewares_)> 
                (middlewares_, ctx_, req_, res);
            }

            //auto self = this->shared_from_this();
            res.complete_request_handler_ = nullptr;
            
			if (!socket_.is_open())
            {
                //CROW_LOG_DEBUG << this << " delete (socket is closed) " << is_reading << ' ' << is_writing;
                //delete this;
				return;
            }

            static std::unordered_map<int, std::string> statusCodes = {
                {200, "HTTP/1.1 200 OK\r\n"},
                {201, "HTTP/1.1 201 Created\r\n"},
                {202, "HTTP/1.1 202 Accepted\r\n"},
                {204, "HTTP/1.1 204 No Content\r\n"},

                {300, "HTTP/1.1 300 Multiple Choices\r\n"},
                {301, "HTTP/1.1 301 Moved Permanently\r\n"},
                {302, "HTTP/1.1 302 Moved Temporarily\r\n"},
                {304, "HTTP/1.1 304 Not Modified\r\n"},

                {400, "HTTP/1.1 400 Bad Request\r\n"},
                {401, "HTTP/1.1 401 Unauthorized\r\n"},
                {403, "HTTP/1.1 403 Forbidden\r\n"},
                {404, "HTTP/1.1 404 Not Found\r\n"},

                {500, "HTTP/1.1 500 Internal Server Error\r\n"},
                {501, "HTTP/1.1 501 Not Implemented\r\n"},
                {502, "HTTP/1.1 502 Bad Gateway\r\n"},
                {503, "HTTP/1.1 503 Service Unavailable\r\n"},
            };

            static std::string seperator = ": ";
            static std::string crlf = "\r\n";

            buffers_.clear();
            buffers_.reserve(4*(res.headers.size()+4)+3);

            if (res.body.empty() && res.json_value.t() == json::type::Object)
            {
                res.body = json::dump(res.json_value);
            }

            if (!statusCodes.count(res.code))
                res.code = 500;
            {
                auto& status = statusCodes.find(res.code)->second;
                buffers_.emplace_back(status.data(), status.size());
            }

            if (res.code >= 400 && res.body.empty())
                res.body = statusCodes[res.code].substr(9);

            bool has_content_length = false;
            bool has_date = false;
            bool has_server = false;

            for(auto& kv : res.headers)
            {
                buffers_.emplace_back(kv.first.data(), kv.first.size());
                buffers_.emplace_back(seperator.data(), seperator.size());
                buffers_.emplace_back(kv.second.data(), kv.second.size());
                buffers_.emplace_back(crlf.data(), crlf.size());

                if (boost::iequals(kv.first, "content-length"))
                    has_content_length = true;
                if (boost::iequals(kv.first, "date"))
                    has_date = true;
                if (boost::iequals(kv.first, "server"))
                    has_server = true;
            }

            if (!has_content_length)
            {
                content_length_ = std::to_string(res.body.size());
                static std::string content_length_tag = "Content-Length: ";
                buffers_.emplace_back(content_length_tag.data(), content_length_tag.size());
                buffers_.emplace_back(content_length_.data(), content_length_.size());
                buffers_.emplace_back(crlf.data(), crlf.size());
            }
            if (!has_server)
            {
                static std::string server_tag = "Server: ";
                buffers_.emplace_back(server_tag.data(), server_tag.size());
                buffers_.emplace_back(server_name_.data(), server_name_.size());
                buffers_.emplace_back(crlf.data(), crlf.size());
            }
            if (!has_date)
            {
                static std::string date_tag = "Date: ";
                date_str_ = get_cached_date_str();
                buffers_.emplace_back(date_tag.data(), date_tag.size());
                buffers_.emplace_back(date_str_.data(), date_str_.size());
                buffers_.emplace_back(crlf.data(), crlf.size());
            }

            buffers_.emplace_back(crlf.data(), crlf.size());
            buffers_.emplace_back(res.body.data(), res.body.size());

            do_write();
            res.clear();

            if (need_to_start_read_after_complete_)
            {
                need_to_start_read_after_complete_ = false;
                start_deadline();
                do_read();
            }
        }

    private:
        static std::string get_cached_date_str()
        {
            using namespace std::chrono;
            thread_local auto last = steady_clock::now();
            thread_local std::string date_str = DateTime().str();

            if (steady_clock::now() - last >= seconds(1))
            {
                last = steady_clock::now();
                date_str = DateTime().str();
            }
            return date_str;
        }

        void do_read()
        {
            //auto self = this->shared_from_this();
            is_reading = true;
            socket_.async_read_some(boost::asio::buffer(buffer_), 
                [this](const boost::system::error_code& ec, std::size_t bytes_transferred)
                {
                    bool error_while_reading = true;
                    if (!ec)
                    {
                        bool ret = parser_.feed(buffer_.data(), bytes_transferred);
                        if (ret && socket_.is_open() && !close_connection_)
                        {
                            error_while_reading = false;
                        }
                    }

                    if (error_while_reading)
                    {
                        cancel_deadline_timer();
                        parser_.done();
                        socket_.close();
                        is_reading = false;
                        CROW_LOG_DEBUG << this << " from read(1)";
                        check_destroy();
                    }
                    else if (!need_to_call_after_handlers_)
                    {
                        start_deadline();
                        do_read();
                    }
                    else
                    {
                        // res will be completed later by user
                        need_to_start_read_after_complete_ = true;
                    }
                });
        }

        void do_write()
        {
            //auto self = this->shared_from_this();
            is_writing = true;
            boost::asio::async_write(socket_, buffers_, 
                [&](const boost::system::error_code& ec, std::size_t bytes_transferred)
                {
                    is_writing = false;
                    if (!ec)
                    {
                        if (close_connection_)
                        {
                            socket_.close();
                            CROW_LOG_DEBUG << this << " from write(1)";
                            check_destroy();
                        }
                    }
                    else
                    {
                        CROW_LOG_DEBUG << this << " from write(2)";
                        check_destroy();
                    }
                });
        }

        void check_destroy()
        {
            CROW_LOG_DEBUG << this << " is_reading " << is_reading << " is_writing " << is_writing;
            if (!is_reading && !is_writing)
            {
                CROW_LOG_DEBUG << this << " delete (idle) ";
                delete this;
            }
        }

        void cancel_deadline_timer()
        {
            CROW_LOG_DEBUG << this << " timer cancelled: " << timer_cancel_key_.first << ' ' << timer_cancel_key_.second;
            detail::dumb_timer_queue::get_current_dumb_timer_queue().cancel(timer_cancel_key_);
        }

        void start_deadline(int timeout = 5)
        {
            auto& timer_queue = detail::dumb_timer_queue::get_current_dumb_timer_queue();
            cancel_deadline_timer();
            
            timer_cancel_key_ = timer_queue.add([this]
            {
                if (!socket_.is_open())
                {
                    return;
                }
                socket_.close();
            });
            CROW_LOG_DEBUG << this << " timer added: " << timer_cancel_key_.first << ' ' << timer_cancel_key_.second;
        }

    private:
        tcp::socket socket_;
        Handler* handler_;

        boost::array<char, 4096> buffer_;

        HTTPParser<Connection> parser_;
        request req_;
        response res;

        bool close_connection_ = false;

        const std::string& server_name_;
        std::vector<boost::asio::const_buffer> buffers_;

        std::string content_length_;
        std::string date_str_;

        //boost::asio::deadline_timer deadline_;
        detail::dumb_timer_queue::key timer_cancel_key_;

        bool is_reading{};
        bool is_writing{};
        bool need_to_call_after_handlers_;
        bool need_to_start_read_after_complete_{};

        std::tuple<Middlewares...>& middlewares_;
        detail::context<Middlewares...> ctx_;
    };

}