diff --git a/include/crow/app.h b/include/crow/app.h
index 7b076b069..d76689206 100644
--- a/include/crow/app.h
+++ b/include/crow/app.h
@@ -30,7 +30,7 @@
 #else
 #define CROW_ROUTE(app, url) app.template route<crow::black_magic::get_parameter_tag(url)>(url)
 #define CROW_BP_ROUTE(blueprint, url) blueprint.new_rule_tagged<crow::black_magic::get_parameter_tag(url)>(url)
-#define CROW_WEBSOCKET_ROUTE(app, url) app.route<crow::black_magic::get_parameter_tag(url)>(url).websocket<decltype(app)>(&app)
+#define CROW_WEBSOCKET_ROUTE(app, url) app.route<crow::black_magic::get_parameter_tag(url)>(url).websocket<std::remove_reference<decltype(app)>::type>(&app)
 #define CROW_MIDDLEWARES(app, ...) template middlewares<typename std::remove_reference<decltype(app)>::type, __VA_ARGS__>()
 #endif
 #define CROW_CATCHALL_ROUTE(app) app.catchall_route()
diff --git a/include/crow/json.h b/include/crow/json.h
index 493897ee6..13706415f 100644
--- a/include/crow/json.h
+++ b/include/crow/json.h
@@ -1653,7 +1653,7 @@ namespace crow
                 }
                 else
                 {
-#if defined(__APPLE__) || defined(__MACH__)
+#if defined(__APPLE__) || defined(__MACH__) || defined (__FreeBSD__)
                     o = std::unique_ptr<object>(new object(initializer_list));
 #else
                     (*o) = initializer_list;
@@ -1672,7 +1672,7 @@ namespace crow
                 }
                 else
                 {
-#if defined(__APPLE__) || defined(__MACH__)
+#if defined(__APPLE__) || defined(__MACH__) || defined (__FreeBSD__)
                     o = std::unique_ptr<object>(new object(value));
 #else
                     (*o) = value;
diff --git a/tests/CMakeLists.txt b/tests/CMakeLists.txt
index 07f989b50..b895a79a6 100644
--- a/tests/CMakeLists.txt
+++ b/tests/CMakeLists.txt
@@ -18,6 +18,7 @@ endif()
 
 add_subdirectory(template)
 add_subdirectory(multi_file)
+add_subdirectory(external_definition)
 if ("ssl" IN_LIST CROW_FEATURES)
 	add_subdirectory(ssl)
 endif()
diff --git a/tests/external_definition/CMakeLists.txt b/tests/external_definition/CMakeLists.txt
new file mode 100644
index 000000000..677501df5
--- /dev/null
+++ b/tests/external_definition/CMakeLists.txt
@@ -0,0 +1,16 @@
+project(test_external_definition)
+
+add_executable(
+  ${PROJECT_NAME}
+  main.cpp
+)
+
+target_include_directories(
+  ${PROJECT_NAME}
+  PRIVATE ${CMAKE_CURRENT_SOURCE_DIR}
+)
+
+target_link_libraries(
+  ${PROJECT_NAME}
+  PUBLIC Crow::Crow
+)
diff --git a/tests/external_definition/main.cpp b/tests/external_definition/main.cpp
new file mode 100644
index 000000000..2fa660233
--- /dev/null
+++ b/tests/external_definition/main.cpp
@@ -0,0 +1,25 @@
+// Testing whether crow routes can be defined in an external function.
+#include "crow.h"
+
+void define_endpoints(crow::SimpleApp& app)
+{
+    CROW_ROUTE(app, "/")
+    ([]() {
+        return "Hello, world!";
+    });
+    CROW_WEBSOCKET_ROUTE(app, "/ws")
+      .onaccept([&](const crow::request&, void**) {
+          return true;
+      })
+      .onopen([](crow::websocket::connection&) {})
+      .onclose([](crow::websocket::connection&, const std::string&) {});
+}
+
+int main()
+{
+    crow::SimpleApp app;
+
+    define_endpoints(app);
+
+    app.port(18080).run();
+}