vimwiki/tech/C-sharp.wiki

= C# =

Purely object oriented language that relies on a JIT. Primary library is .NET

C# is both portable and fast, and coupled with the .NET framework.


== Types ==

* string
  * is an object, not a primative data type
* char
  * single 16bit unicode char
* byte
  * 8 bit unsigned int
* short
  * 16 bit signed int
* int
  * 32 bit signed int
* long
  * 64 bit signed int
* float (2.5F)
  * 32bit floating point
* double (3.5)
  * 64bit double floating point
* decimal (4.5M)
  * 128bit precise decimal
* bool
  * 1 bit true false

== Modifiers ==

* const
  * not modifiable at runtime

== casting ==

casting works the same way as C/C++

* (int)3.14

Or call convert

* Convert.ToInt32("50");
* Convert.ToDouble("50.0");

== strings ==

* indexing starts at zero
* mystring.length
* mystring[0]
* haystack.IndexOf("Needle")
* haystack.IndexOf("N")
* haystack.Substring(2)
* haystack.Substring(1,3)

== operators ==

* normal + - * /
* Order of operations is preserved
* Modulous is %
* Operations on ints give ints
* += -= *= /= all work
* ++ and -- work
* Math.Pow(base, power)
* Math.Sqrt(144) = 12
* Math.Round(2.7) = 3

== ArrayList ==

* in System.Collections

{{{
ArrayList friends = new ArrayList();
friends.Add("Bob");
friends.Add("Mike");
  }}}

== Exceptions ==

{{{
    try {
        int division = 10 / Convert.ToInt32(Console.ReadLine());
    } catch(DivideByZeroException e) {
        Console.WriteLine(e);
    } catch(Exception e){
        Console.WriteLine($"Unkown Error: {e}");
    }
  }}}

{{{
throw new DivideByZeroException("Cant add that... My Custom error is here");
  }}}

== Constructors ==

Called at creation of class, same as C/C++ constructors.

this.xyz is also valid.

== Abstraction ==

declare a class as `abstract`.

To override a class add the modifier `override`.

== [[interface]] ==

An interface is a fully abstract class that can be inherited by other classes.
It provides some set functions to be implimented by the child class.

{{{
    public interface Animal{
        void Speak();
    }

    public class Dog : Animal {
        public void Speak(){
            Console.WriteLine("Woof Woof");
        }
    }

    public class Cat : Animal {
        public void Speak(){
            Console.WriteLine("Meow");
        }
    }
  }}}

See [[interface]]

== Examples ==

=== Hello World ===

{{{
class Application
{
    public static void Main(string[] args)
    {
        Console.WriteLine("Hello world!");
    }
}
  }}}

== ASP.NET ==

See [[asp.net.wiki|ASP.NET]]

== .NET ==

see [[dotnet]]


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