Add sci and botany

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Tyler Perkins 2021-09-23 17:42:44 -04:00
parent 094223fd91
commit 4e91c7585e
29 changed files with 619 additions and 3 deletions

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= Basil =
Pretty hardy, likes lots of sun. Cut off leaves and cut up to use as seasoning
[[index]]

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= Cucumber =
They seem very agressive and the type I had vines alot. Provide a lattice to
grow on. Large flat prickly leaves and prickly cucumbers
Create small yellow flowers, and tons of them. Flowers have gender.
== Disease ==
I think mine got blight, as it sudenly started shrivling parts of it and dying.
Could be due to water? Some water was allowed to sit for a day before being
used, and I think that has something to do with it.
[[index]]

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= Herbs =
Herbs that I've grown and info about them
== Plants ==
* [[basil]]
* [[mint]]
[[index]]

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= Botant =
Raising plants and stuff, for fun and profit
== Sections ==
* [[vegies|Vegies]]
* [[herbs|Herbs]]
* [[hydroponics|Hydroponics]]
* [[aquaponics|Aquaponics]]
[[../index]]

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= Lettuce =
They like tons of water, be sure to pick after they get pretty big. They get
really wacky looking if they dont have sunlight at all angles. Be sure to pick
before they flower otherwise they taste nasty.
[[index]]

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= Mint =
Very aggresive, will try to occupy every bit of space it can. Creates thin
little winding stems covered in leaves.
[[index]]

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= Tomato =
They like tons of water, twice a day of water would not hurt them. They also
require either a cage, or something to lean on if growing tword the sun (such
as on a porch).
Let tomatos sit ripe on the vine for a week or so compeletely red to get a
better flavour, although they spoil very fast
First one to two tomatos always seem to spoil instantly (blosom rot?)
[[index]]

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= Vegies =
This is where I'll keep notes on plants I myself have raised and things they
like/dislike
== Plants ==
* [[tomato]]
* [[cucumber]]
* [[lettuce]]
[[index]]

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@ -42,6 +42,7 @@ _Ideas.md and Classes.md are encrypted, so these links will not work_
* [[sci/chemistry|Chemistry]]
* [[sci/physics|Physics]]
* [[sci/biology|Biology]]
== [[botany/index|Botany]] ==
@ -49,8 +50,6 @@ _Ideas.md and Classes.md are encrypted, so these links will not work_
* [[botany/hydroponics|Hydroponics]]
* [[botany/aquaponics|Aquaponics]]
== Local to GentooBox ==
=== School ===

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= Matter =

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= Measurment =
This is also the introduction [[chapter]]
== Definitions ==
* Chemistry
- Study of the compostion, structure, properties and reactions of matter
* [[matter|Matter]]
- Any material that occupies space and has mass
* Composition
- Identity and relative amounts of the components of matter. Described with
"formulas"
* Macroscopic
- Large scale properties that may be determined directly
* Microscopic
- Small scale properties that must be determined by indirect methods. Usually
on the atomic or molecular level
== [[energy|Energy]] ==
Ability to do work
see [[energy]]
== Scientific Method ==
Way to thourghly understand the world that is testable
== Accuracy vs Precision ==
* Accuracy
- agreement of measured values with the "correct" values
* Precision
- how reproducable is the measurment
== Error ==
* Systematic
- Error is higher/lower than expectation, usually due to measurment device
* Random error
- Always present, makes values change slightly
== [[signifigant_figures|Signifigant figures]] ==
See [[signifigant_figures|Signifigant figures]]
== [[standard_prefixes|Standard Prefixes]] ==
See [[standard_prefixes|Standard Prefixes]]
== [[density|Density]] ==
see [[density|Density]]
[[index]]

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= Acids =
Any substance that releases H^+ ion in aqueous [[solution]], aka H is first in
chemical formula
* HCL
* HCL + H,,2,,O => H,,3,,O^+ + Cl^-
== Common Acids ==
* HF,,(g),, - hydrogen fluoride
* HF,,(aq),, - hydofluoric acid
* HCl,,(g),, - hydrogen chloride
* HCl,,(aq),, - hydrocloric acid
[[index]]

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= Bases =
Any substance that releases OH^- ion in aqueous solution, *bonds with a metal*
* NaOH + H,,2,,O => Na^+ OH^-
[[index]]

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= Chemistry =
Took chemistry I Fall 2021. These are those notes
== Chapters ==
* [[Measurment|measurment]]
* [[matter|Matter]]
* [[stoichiometry|Stoichiometry]]
* [[reactions|Reactions]]
[[index]]

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= Density =
mass over volume. How much mass is in how much space
== Archimedes Principle ==
An object that is completely or partially immersed in a liquid is acted upon
by a bouyant force. This force is equal to the weight of the displaced liquid.
[[index]]

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= Energy =
The capacity to do work or transfer heat
== Types ==
* Potential
- Stored energy
* Kinetic
- Energy due to motion
- KE = (0.5)mv^2
* m = mass
* v = velocity
* Chemical
- Stored in substances
== Measurement ==
KE is measured in Joules
* 1 J = a 2kg object with velocity of 1m/s
== Conservation of Energy ==
Energy is conserved when converting. Energy is neither created nor destroyed.
[[index]]

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= Science =
Notes on how all of it works, from school or from simulating it
== Sections ==
* [[chemistry|Chemistry]]
* [[physics|Physics]]
[[../index]]

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= Matter =
Any material that occupies space and has mass
== Classification ==
* Pure substance
- Matter with fixed composition with uniform appearance and properties
* Impurity
- Trace quantities of substances in a sample other than the main component
* Element
- A fundamental substance that cannot be chemically broken down into a simpler
substance with different properties (118 total)
== Allotropes ==
Structurally different forms of an elemtn that have different chemical and
physical properties, like graphite and diamond
== Atom models ==
* Dalton
- Balls that are homogenous
* Rutherford's
- Orbiting model
== [[periodic_table|Periodic Table]] ==
see [[periodic_table|Periodic Table]]
* Metals
- High luster, malleable good conductors
- Form cations
* Non-metals
- Low density and melting point
- form anions
* Metaloids
- Properties of both
== Laws ==
* Law of constant compositon
- Elemental compsoiton of a given compound is constant regardless of origin of
compund
* Law of multiple proportion
- Two substances combine in whole number ratios
* Law of conservation of matter and energy
- No detectable change may be observed in the mass and energy of the substances
involved in a chemical reaction
== Isotopes ==
Atoms of an element that differ in nuetron counts
* An atom can have eletctrical charge (ion)
- Cation has positive charge
- Anion has negative charge
== Measuring atoms ==
AMU atomic mass units are used
Moles are how many sets of 6.022 x 10^22 particles there are
== Diatomic Elements ==
Any molecule that has two elements, diatomic elements are just two of the same
element bonded to itself
O,,2,, , F,,2,, , Cl,,2,, , Br,,2,,
== Bonds ==
* Covalent
- Formed through sharing of electrons
- Stabilized by charges of electron clouds interacting with nucleus
* Ionic
- Bonds formed through electrostatic attractions betwen partices of differing
charge
- Usually made of a metal and nonmetal
- Charge is always zero
== Oxidation Numbers ==
Number with a positive or negative or zero value that indicates deficiencies or
excesses of electrons for an atom or polyatomic ion.
* Always zero in free elements
* Get non-zero oxidation value by bonding
* Oxidiation number is equal to ion charge
Rules (kinda)
* Metals always have + values
* Oxidation number of H is always +1 except in metal hydrides
* Oxidation number of O is -2 except in peroxides like H,,2,,O,,2,,
== [[naming|Naming]] ==
see [[naming|Naming]]
== [[acids|Acids]] ==
see [[acids|Acids]]
== [[bases|Bases]] ==
see [[bases|Bases]]
== [[salts|Salts]] ==
see [[salts|Salts]]
== [[oxyacids|Oxyacids]] ==
see [[oxyacids|Oxyacids]]
[[index]]

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= Naming =
Element naming is a nightmare
Prefixes are standard before multiple of a molecule
* Write element furthest left on table first
* write element furthest right on table second
* Full element name for first element and first syllable of second element with
the +ide ending
* Use latin prefixes to indicate the number of atoms of each element (only use
mono on second element)
== Ion naming ==
* Cations
* Element name + ion
- K+ = potasium ion
* Transition elements (variable charge)
- Element name + (roman numeral) + ion
- Fe^3+ = iron(III)ion
- Fe^2+ = iron(II)ion
* Anion
- Replace ending of element with -ide ion
- F^- = fluoride ion
- N^3- = nitride ion
Naming compounds of ions
* Name = cation + anion
- MgO = magnesium oxide
- Fe,,2,,(CO,,3,,),,3,, = iron(III)carbonate ferric carbonate
[[index]]

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= Oxyacids =
Any inorganic acid that contains oxygen
* HBrO,,4,,
- perbromic acid
* H,,3,,PO,,4,,
== Naming ==
Buckle up holy shit
| acid name | 14 | 15 | 16 | 17 | ion name |
|----------------|----|----|----|----|---------------|
| per__ic acid | | | | +7 | per__ate ion |
| __ic acid | +4 | +5 | +6 | +5 | __ate ion |
| __ous acid | +2 | +3 | +4 | +3 | __ite ion |
| hypo__ous acid | | +1 | +2 | +1 | hypo__ite ion |
[[index]]

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= Periodic Table =
Way we organize the elements
== Entries ==
* Element Symbol
- one or two letters
* Atomic number
- number of protons
* Atomic mass
- Average of all occuring sums of nutrons + protons
== Organization ==
* Columns in table called groups/families
- 18 total
* Rows called periods
- 7 total
=== Groups ===
* Alkali metals
- Group 1
- +1 charge
- Lithium
- Sodium
- Potasium
- etc.
* Alkali earth metals
- Group 2
- +2 charge
- Berillium
- magneisum
- calcium
* Boron family
- Group 13
- +3 charge
- Boron
- Aluminum
- Galium
* Carbon family
- Group 14
- Carbon
- Silicon
* Nitrogen family
- Group 15
- Charge -3
- Nitrogen
- Phospherous
- Arsenic
* Chalcogens
- Group 16
- -2 charge
- Oxgyen
- Sulfer
* Halogens
- Group 17
- -1 charge
- Florine
- Chlorine
* Noble Gases
- Group 18
- Helium
* Transition Elements
- Center groups 3-12
* Inner transition
- Lower section of elements
[[index]]

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= Physics =
[[index]]

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= Reactions =
The interaction between 2+ substances
[[index]]

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= Salts =
The product of a nuetralization reaction between an acid and base
To neutralize is to react and acid and base
* HCl,,(aq),, + NaOH => NaCl + H,,2,,O
[[index]]

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= Significant Figures =
Rules for measurement of sig figs
1) Measurement should have all known digits plus one estimated digit, which is
last sig fig
2) Exact numbers have an infinite number of sig figs
3) All non-zero numbers are significant
4) Zeros between non-zero numbers are significant
- 50.06 has 4 sig figs
5) Zeros preceding non-zero numbers are never significant
- 0.00345 has 3 sig figs
6) Zeros at end of numbers with a decimal are always significant
- 546.00 has 5 sig figs
7) Zeros at end of numbers without a decimal are ambiguous
- 54600 has 3,4,or 5 sig figs
== Rounding ==
* When rounding last number, use standard 5+ raise, 4- lower

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= Solution =
A substance suspended in a liquid
* Solvent
- The dissolving agent or the most abundant substance in a solution
* Solute
- The substance being dissolved or the least abundant susbtance
When suspended, molecule is surrounded by solvent
== Measuring ==
Molarity is moles_solute/liters_solution
This is a ratio
Dilution reduces this ratio
[[index]]

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= Standard Prefixes =
All prefixes
| Prefix | Symbol | Multiple |
|--------|--------|----------|
| tera | T | 1*10^12 |
| giga | G | 1*10^9 |
| mega | M | 1*10^6 |
| kilo | k | 1*10^3 |
| deci | d | 1*10^-1 |
| centi | c | 1*10^-2 |
| milli | m | 1*10^-3 |
| micro | (mew) | 1*10^-6 |
| nano | n | 1*10^-9 |
[[index]]

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= Stoichiometry =
Relationship between the relative quatnties of substances taking part in a
reaction or fomring a compund typically a ratio of whole integers
== Moles ==
Standard unit of quantity of 6.022 * 10^23
* One mole of any element has a mass in grams equal to its atomic mass
* Convert from moles to grams by multiplying number of moles by amu of that
substance
== Percentage compositon ==
weight of percent of each of the elements in a formula
{{{
(atoms in element) * (atomic weight) / (formula weight of compound) * 100%
}}}
== Empirical Formula ==
Experimentally determinded formulas representing the lowest whole number ratio
of the elements in the compound
* C,,6,,H,,6,, => CH
To find an impirical formula you need
* Elements in the compound
* % compostion
* Periodic table
== Chemical Equations ==
Shorthand that describes the chemical transformations of matter using chemical
formulas.
* A + B => C + D
* A + B
- Reactants (consumed)
* C + D
- Products (produced)
Law of conservation of mass
* Mass is neither created nor destoryed in chemical reactiosn
* see [[matter#laws]]
total number of molecules is always consistent
== Limiting Reagents ==
Reagent in a chemical reaction whose quantity limits the amount of product
formed
Excess reagent is the opposite
== Percent Yield ==
Amount of product formed in a lab reaction expressed as percentage
Is actual/expected
== [[solution|Solution]] ==
see [[solution|Solution]]
[[index]]

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Everything dealing with my awful addiction to computers
== Major sections ==
== Sections ==
* [[security|Security]] - Security tools and techniques
* [[development|Development]] - Development tools
* [[algorithms|Algorithms & Datastructures]] - Algorithms and Data structures