= Matter =

Any material that occupies space and has mass

== Classification ==

* Pure substance
 - Matter with fixed composition with uniform appearance and properties
* Impurity
 - Trace quantities of substances in a sample other than the main component
* Element
 - A fundamental substance that cannot be chemically broken down into a simpler
   substance with different properties (118 total)

== Allotropes ==

Structurally different forms of an elemtn that have different chemical and
physical properties, like graphite and diamond

== Atom models ==

* Dalton
 - Balls that are homogenous
* Rutherford's
 - Orbiting model

== [[periodic_table|Periodic Table]] ==

see [[periodic_table|Periodic Table]]

* Metals
 - High luster, malleable good conductors
 - Form cations
* Non-metals
 - Low density and melting point
 - form anions
* Metaloids
 - Properties of both

== Laws ==

* Law of constant compositon
 - Elemental compsoiton of a given compound is constant regardless of origin of
   compund
* Law of multiple proportion
 - Two substances combine in whole number ratios
* Law of conservation of matter and energy
 - No detectable change may be observed in the mass and energy of the substances
  involved in a chemical reaction

== Isotopes ==

Atoms of an element that differ in nuetron counts

* An atom can have eletctrical charge (ion)
 - Cation has positive charge
 - Anion has negative charge

== Measuring atoms ==

AMU atomic mass units are used

Moles are how many sets of 6.022 x 10^22 particles there are

== Diatomic Elements ==

Any molecule that has two elements, diatomic elements are just two of the same
element bonded to itself

O,,2,, , F,,2,, , Cl,,2,, , Br,,2,,

== Bonds ==

* Covalent
 - Formed through sharing of electrons
 - Stabilized by charges of electron clouds interacting with nucleus
* Ionic 
 - Bonds formed through electrostatic attractions betwen partices of differing
   charge
 - Usually made of a metal and nonmetal
 - Charge is always zero

== Oxidation Numbers ==

Number with a positive or negative or zero value that indicates deficiencies or
excesses of electrons for an atom or polyatomic ion.

* Always zero in free elements
* Get non-zero oxidation value by bonding
* Oxidiation number is equal to ion charge

Rules (kinda)

* Metals always have + values
* Oxidation number of H is always +1 except in metal hydrides
* Oxidation number of O is -2 except in peroxides like H,,2,,O,,2,,

== [[naming|Naming]] ==

see [[naming|Naming]]

== [[acids|Acids]] ==

see [[acids|Acids]]

== [[bases|Bases]] ==

see [[bases|Bases]]

== [[salts|Salts]] ==

see [[salts|Salts]]

== [[oxyacids|Oxyacids]] ==

see [[oxyacids|Oxyacids]]

[[index]]