= YUV =

The YUV colorspace is a system to represent color in a more compact way that
accounts for the way human perception works. YUV is used in the PAL composite
color video standard.

The 'Y' pertains to the luma component, or how bright the color is. The
two chrominance components called U (blue) and V (red).

Luminance is Y and luma is Y', where the prime sybmol denotes gamma correction.
Luminance is physical linear space brigtness, while luma is precieved
brightness (non linear).