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= Solution =
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A substance suspended in a liquid
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* Solvent
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- The dissolving agent or the most abundant substance in a solution
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* Solute
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- The substance being dissolved or the least abundant susbtance
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When suspended, molecule is surrounded by solvent
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2021-10-11 03:22:53 +00:00
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* Saturated
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- A solution containing the max amount of dissolved solute at a given temp
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* Unsaturated
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- A solution containing less than the max amount of dissolved solute at a
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given temp
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* Supersaturated
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- Solution containing more than the max amount of dissolved solute at given
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temp. In a non equilibrium situation.
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== Measuring ==
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Molarity is moles_solute/liters_solution
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This is a ratio
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Dilution reduces this ratio
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2021-10-11 03:22:53 +00:00
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== Dissolution Process ==
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When a solute dissolved into a solvent
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Can be interaction of any two states of matter (except plasma)
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* Solute-Solute
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- interactions are broken
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- Endothermic
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* Solvent-Solvent
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- interactions are broken
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- Endothermic
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* Solvent-Solute
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- interactions are formed
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- exothermic
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The oposite charge of the water molecule pulls molecules of other molecules off
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of structure and into the solution. Works with ionic compounds ie NaCl
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== Solubility ==
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A quantitative term that describes the max amount of a substance that will
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dissolve in a given amount of solvent. Usually in g/100mL
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* sucrose
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- 204g/100mL
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* AgCl
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- 9 x 10^-5 g/100mL
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* Micsible
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- Liquids that are mutuall soluble in all proportions
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* Immiscible
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- Liquids that are mutually insoluble
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Nature of solute and solvent, ie _likes disolve likes_
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Temperature increases in solids/liquids means incresed solubility, due to
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increase in solute-solvent interactions
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For gasses the opposite is true. For gasses, as pressure increases, so does
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solubility. *Henry's Law*
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=== Guidlines for water ===
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* Compounds with Group I ions (NH,,4,, , NO,,3,,) are *always soluble in water*
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* Compounds containing
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- Cl, Br, I
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- Unless in soln with Ag, Cu, Hg^2 and Pb^2
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- SO,,4,,^2
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- Unless in soln with Ba Ca Hg^2 Pb^2 and Sr^2
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^ Above are always soluble in water
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Insoluble
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* OH^-
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- Except with Alkali metals and ammonium
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* S^2-
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- Except with Barium, strontium, magnesium, sodium, potasium, and ammonium
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* Carbonates, oxalates, chromates, and phostates
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- Except with Alkali metals and ammonium
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== Hydrates ==
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Compounds that have water molecules imbedded into their structure. Amount of
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water is inidicated with latin prefixes.
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Named via prefix + hydrate
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== Concentration ==
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* Concentration
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- A quantitative expression of the amount of solute dissolved into a solvent
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* Concentrated solution
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- A solution of high concentration
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* Dilute solution
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- Solution of low concentration
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== [[electrolytes|Electrolytes]] ==
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see [[electrolytes|Electrolytes]]
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2021-09-23 21:42:44 +00:00
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[[index]]
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